All About Post-Thrombotic Syndrome
Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a condition that develops in up to half of patients within two years of experiencing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT describes the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, typically in the leg, which can severely damage other blood vessels and internal organs. This damage may result in PTS, a source of chronic discomfort and other symptoms. With more information about PTS, you can take the necessary steps to prevent and treat it.
Causes and Risk Factors
The primary cause of PTS is damage to the vein valves following a DVT event. Several factors increase the risk of developing PTS, including:
- Severity of the DVT: Larger clots that persistently obstruct blood flow or those located in the thigh are more likely to cause valve damage and lead to PTS.
- Recurrent DVTs: Multiple episodes may compound vein damage.
- Slow or insufficient treatment of the DVT: Undiagnosed and untreated DVT can lead to complications. Even if the clot is dissolved successfully after anticoagulation therapy, the injured valves may be permanently damaged.
- Obesity: Excess weight adds pressure to the veins and increases the chance of PTS.
Symptoms
Post-thrombotic syndrome symptoms vary but often include the following:
- Pain or aching, especially after standing or walking
- Swelling in the affected leg
- Heaviness or a feeling of tiredness in the leg
- Skin changes, including discoloration, itching, or hardening
- Enlarged varicose veins near the skin’s surface
- Open sores called ulcers
These symptoms may develop gradually, sometimes months or years after the initial DVT.
Prevention and Treatment Tips
Preventing and treating post-thrombotic syndrome requires you to manage deep vein thrombosis effectively. Here’s how:
- Prompt treatment: Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect DVT. Signs include swelling in one leg, cramping, severe and sudden foot or ankle pain, localized warmth, and reddish-blue skin.
- Correct therapy: Undergo the treatment your doctor recommends for DVT, such as thrombolysis, thrombectomy, or venoplasty.
- Surgical options: In severe cases, post-thrombotic syndrome surgery may be considered to repair or bypass veins damaged by DVT.
- Compression stockings: Following DVT treatment, your doctor may recommend compression stockings to reduce swelling and prevent further clotting.
- Regular exercise: Physical activity strengthens the leg muscles, promotes a healthy weight, and helps maintain good circulation. Ask your doctor to recommend a good workout routine for you.
- Medications: Blood thinners and pain relievers may be prescribed to improve blood flow and reduce discomfort.
- Elevation: While you should avoid sitting for long periods, elevating your leg when you do reduces swelling and helps prevent clots.
Begin Post-Thrombotic Syndrome Treatment Today
PTS impairs the quality of life of many patients who have had deep vein thrombosis. Increased awareness surrounding PTS is crucial to encourage early screening and diagnosis when symptoms are most responsive to therapy. Ready to speak with a board-certified vascular surgeon about restoring leg vein health? Schedule a free consultation at Arizona Vein and Laser Institute today. We have six convenient Phoenix-area locations to better serve you.